There are often many questions about sexual health. Therefore, we have created an overview of the most common questions on this page. If you are missing any information, please contact us! We are happy to help you with your request. Otherwise, have fun browsing!
The basic information on HIV and sexually transmitted Infections (Sexually Transmitted Infections, STI for short) is intended to provide a quick further look at the subject area.
Chlamydia and gonorrhea are curable, bacterial infections that can be transmitted even during safe sex. Condoms reduce the risk of infection significantly, but not completely. Untreated chlamydial infections can lead to infertility. Untreated gonorrhea infections can lead to inflammation of the internal sex organs, infertility, and joint inflammation of the fingertips.
How are chlamydia & gonorrhea transmitted?
Eine Infektion ist bei allen sexuellen Praktiken möglich, bei denen es zu direktem Kontakt mit infektiösen Schleimhäuten und Flüssigkeiten kommt. Übertragung möglich:
o bei Anal-, Vaginal- und Oralverkehr
o bei Petting und Fingerspielen
o bei oral-analen Kontakten
o beim Fisten
o durch Schmierinfektionen
Unbehandelte Chlamydien-Infektionen können zu Unfruchtbarkeit führen. Unbehandelte Tripper-Infektionen können zu Entzündungen der inneren Geschlechtsorgane, Unfruchtbarkeit und Gelenksentzündungen an den Fingerkuppen führen.
Who should take a chlamydia and gonorrhea test?
The smear test is recommended for all sexually active people, especially ...
o Men who have sex with men
o Trans people
o Sex workers
o Clients and their sexual partners
Is there a chlamydia and gonorrhea therapy?
The treatment is carried out with antibiotics. During treatment, sexual activity must be avoided.
Syphilis
What is syphilis?
Syphilis is a disease caused by a bacterium that can affect the entire body. Infection occurs almost exclusively through sexual contact.
Is there a syphilis therapy?
Penicillin is still the drug of choice in all stages of syphilis and also during pregnancy and lactation. In case of penicillin allergy, the treating physician decides on the further course of action.
Hepatitis
What is hepatitis?
There are many different types of hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E). These viruses are much easier to transmit than HIV. There is no preventive protection for every type of hepatitis. Despite the possibility of vaccination against hepatitis A and B, many people still become infected with these viruses.
Undiagnosed and accordingly untreated, these infections can lead to liver damage, the development of cirrhosis or carcinoma. The majority of people with hepatitis C are unaware of the infection - therefore only a small proportion in Europe (about 3.5%) are treated. Today, there is a very good chance of cure for hepatitis C infection with appropriate treatment. Despite the high costs, the new therapies are already paid for in some cases. In principle, early diagnosis is very important, as appropriate behavior can prevent further spread. Population groups with an increased risk of hepatitis usually also have an increased risk of HIV.
How is Hepatitis transmitted?
Bei Hepatitis B kommt über Blut oder andere Körperflüssigkeiten das Virus in deinen Körper, beim: - Analsex, Blasen oder Vaginalsex ohne Kondom, gemeinsamen Verwenden von Zahnbürsten, Rasierer, Nagelscheren, etc. unsterilen Tätowieren, - gemeinsamen Konsum von Drogen.
In hepatitis C, transmission happens through blood-to-blood contact : when:- sharing toothbrushes, razors, nail clippers, etc. - non-sterile tattooing - anal sex or vaginal sex without a condom - slamming and sharing intravenous drugs.
Is there a hepatitis therapy?
In the case of hepatitis B, drug treatment depends on the severity of the course. If the body is unable to fight the hepatitis B viruses sufficiently, hepatitis B cannot be completely cured even with medication. However, by supporting the immune system in fighting the virus or suppressing viral replication, the risk of developing severe liver damage or secondary diseases can be reduced. The risk of infection can also be reduced by drug treatment.
For hepatitis C, drugs with completely novel modes of action have been developed in recent years. They intervene directly at different points in the multiplication cycle of the hepatitis C virus and are therefore referred to as direct antiviral agents (DAAs).
HIV/AIDS
WHAT IS HIV/AIDS?
HIV ist die Abkürzung für „Human Immunodeficiency Virus“ oder Humanes Immunschwäche-Virus. Eine HIV-Infektion geht kurz nach der Ansteckung (bis zu 2 Wochen) üblicherweise mit grippeähnlichen Symptomen einher (diese sind so unspezifisch, dass sie meist nicht erkannt werden). Im weiteren Verlauf kommt es nach unterschiedlicher Zeit zu einer Schwächung des Immunsystems und zum Auftreten von bestimmten Erkrankungen.
HIV leads to a weakening of the immune system in the course of infection. This makes it easier for diseases to occur that a healthy organism can usually ward off. One speaks of AIDS when either defined diseases already occur and/or the immune system is severely weakened. AIDS is the abbreviation for "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome".
How does HIV therapy work?
Die Medikamente der HIV-Therapie verhindern die Vermehrung von HI-Viren und die Viruslast wird unter die Nachweisgrenze gedrückt. Dadurch entstehen keine neuen Viren, das Immunsystem kann sich stabilisieren und bleibt somit funktionsfähig.
Die HIV-Therapie kann aber die Infektion nicht heilen. Es handelt sich um eine lebenslange Therapie, die konstant (täglich) eingenommen werden muss.
Schutz durch Therapie: Heutzutage sind damit Menschen, die mit HIV leben unter effektiver Therapie nicht infektiös. Das bedeutet, das Virus kann nicht weitergegeben werden - nicht beim Sex, nicht in der Schwangerschaft, nicht bei der Geburt. Diesen Effekt nennt man „Treatment as Prevention“ oder auch „Viruslast-Methode“. Vielleicht hast du auch schon einmal von U=U (Undetectable is Untransmittable/Unter der Nachweisgrenze heißt unübertragbar) gehört.
Wenn du mehr über diese Schutzmöglichkeiten wissen willst, dann unterstützen wir dich gerne dabei. Ruf einfach unsere telefonische Beratung an oder vereinbare einen persönlichen Beratungstermin. Wir sind gerne für dich da.
How is HIV transmitted?
An Infection most commonly occurs through one of these body fluids: Blood, semen or vaginal fluid. The highest risk therefore occurs during unprotected anal and vaginal intercourse, because the mucous membrane in the vagina and intestine offers a large "attack surface," the virus concentration in semen is high, and the anal mucosa is prone to injury. Oral sex is much less risky as long as no sperm or menstrual blood enters the mouth. If you have had unprotected sex, we strongly recommend that you get tested for HIV and other STDs.
The level of risk of infection due to sexual intercourse without a condom depends on several factors:
Type of sexual practice
Number or frequent change of sexual partners
Whether other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) already exist
Von der Anzahl von Menschen, die mit HIV im sexuellen Umfeld leben
Other infection possibilities
Commonly used paraphernalia (e.g., injecting equipment, sniffing tubes) for drug use
Any kind of blood contact (e.g. also during first aid)
Mother-to-child transmission (mother-to-child transmission can now be virtually eliminated in Austria thanks to medical preventive measures).
How is HIV not transmitted - what is safe?
There is no risk of contracting HIV through normal social contacts when living with HIV-positive people.
Shake hands
Kissing, hugging
Swimming, sports
Sharing eating utensils/drinking glasses or toiletries.
Toilet use and much more...
What to do in an emergency?
After a high risk of HIV infection, e.g. condom rupture, unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse, partners with uncertain/unknown HIV status, you should immediately contact an HIV treatment center.
Ideally, the affected person* should visit a hospital within 1-2 hours if possible, but within 48 hours at the latest, and start PEP, which must be taken for 4 weeks.
Personen*, die mit HIV leben und deren Viruslast unter der Nachweisgrenze liegt, können HIV nicht übertragen.
That's where you can go:
Klinik Penzing
Lungenambulanz – Immunambulanz, Pavillon Leopold
Monday to Friday from 08:00 to 13.00 (registration until 12:00)
U1 (Reumannplatz)/ U6 (Bahnhof Meidling)+ Bus 7A (Franz-Josef-Spital)
Muss ich bei einer zahnärztlichen Behandlung angeben, ob ich mit HIV lebe?
Nein, HIV ist nicht meldepflichtig, nur AIDS (und auch das nur anonymisiert)
ABER: wenn es der eigenen Gesundheit dient, ist es notwendig und sinnvoll, die HIV-Infektion anzugeben – hier empfehlen wir, dass du die fachliche Expertise deines*r HIV-Behandler*in einholst (z.B. wenn Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Medikamenten oder Therapien auftreten können)
Muss ich beim Sex sagen, dass ich mit HIV lebe?
Nein, aufgrund der fehlenden Meldepflicht nicht.
ABER: man muss dafür Sorge tragen, dass es zu keinem Übertragungsrisiko kommt, also Safer Sex praktizieren (= man muss ein sogenanntes „sozial adäquates Verhalten“ setzen).
Das bedeutet, dass man entweder ein Kondom sachgemäß verwenden oder unter wirksamer und konsequenter HIV-Therapie sein muss (das bedeutet, dass die Virenlast durch eine medikamentöse Therapie unter der Nachweisgrenze liegt (U=U))
Wenn man als HIV-positiver Mensch beim Sex weder unter wirksamer Therapie steht, noch ein Kondom sachgemäß benutzt, kann ungeschützter Sex nicht nur zu einer Übertragung führen, sondern auch zu (straf-)rechtlichen Folgen.
Muss ich meine HIV-Infektion bei einem Bewerbungsgespräch oder bei meiner Arbeitsstelle angeben?
Nein, prinzipiell hat der*die Arbeitgeber*in kein Fragerecht. Es gibt aber Ausnahmen, wenn die Tätigkeit verletzungsträchtig und/oder invasiv ist. Fragen dazu klären wir gerne gemeinsam ab (Kontakt dazu weiter unten).
Muss ich mir gefallen lassen, dass Personen meinen HIV-Status weitererzählen oder mich deswegen bedrohen oder belästigen?
Nein, es kann strafrechtliche oder zivilrechtliche Folgen für die Person haben, die jemanden belästigt oder bedroht. Bitte wende dich in so einem Fall gerne an die Beratung der Aids Hilfe Wien.
Other infections with a sexual component
Other infections with a sexual component
Knowledge instead of prejudice - monkeypox
Affenpocken-PrEP-Impfung in Wien
Alle Infos für die Risikogruppen, die Voranmeldung sowie die Termine unter:
Die Impfung kann ohne Voranmeldung jeden Mittwoch zwischen 16.00 Uhr und 18.00 Uhr im Landesimpfzentrum St. Pölten, Adresse: Dr. Adolf Schärf Strasse 10 – Traisencenter, in Anspruch genommen werden.
Monkeypox is a viral disease (zoonosis) caused by monkeypox virus.
What are the transmission routes?
Person-to-person transmission is possible through direct contact with body fluids or scabs of infected people, as well as through droplet infection (in the early stages of the disease). Transmission can also occur from mother to foetus via the placenta or the birth process.
In the majority of currently known cases, transmission between sexual partners seems to occur through close contact with infectious skin lesions during sex, especially in cases of changing and frequent sexual contact. Investigations into the sources of infection are currently underway.
What are the symptoms?
The incubation period is typically 6-21 days.
Symptoms are initially mainly very non-specific features such as fever, headache, muscle pain, fatigue and swelling of the lymph nodes. After 1-3 days, skin changes develop. Smallpox-typical uniform blisters, pustules and crusts form. However, current cases show these changes (often visible only by 1, 2, 3 vesicles) mainly in the genital area. This is followed by the formation of crusts, which later fall off.
One is also infectious during the non-specific characteristics!
Voriger
Nächster
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Is there a therapy?
The therapy is prescribed by doctors, the health authorities prescribe quarantine. A vaccine is currently being made available in Austria, which is currently used post-exposure (i.e. if you have had sex with a person who has monkeypox). Therefore, it is important to name the sexual partners when contact tracing. People who were vaccinated against smallpox before 1981 have a high probability of a protective effect.
What should I do if I have changing sexual partners?
It would make sense to at least exchange the contact details of the sexual partners in order to inform each other that an infection has taken place and to be able to inform the contact tracers if necessary. This is the only way to ensure that the post-exposure vaccination or treatment can be used.
What should I do if I suspect I am infected?
Even in the case of non-specific features, such as fever, it is important to follow the general rules that we also know from flu or covid: get well and, if possible, do not infect anyone.
Attention: Although condoms are not sufficient protection, because close (skin) contact in this context is already sufficient for transmission, they are the best protection at this point in time! So use them!
Please call 1450 - they will inform you about the further procedure or contact your general practitioner, HIV or PrEP treatment provider or dermatologist with your suspicion.
Source: Information from the BMSGPK and the City of Vienna
Unser psychologisches Angebot während der Affenpocken-Quarantäne
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Information in different languages (thanks to Queerbase and our volunteer Tobi)
Here you can find the most important information about sexual health in compact form in individual documents for downloading as a PDF. (Only in German!)
HIV/AIDS: Biomedical basics
This information will give you an insight into the basics of HIV/AIDS.
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